Jai Ram Reddy(born 12 May 1937)is an Indo-Fijian politician, who has had a distinguished career in both the legislative and judicial branches of the Fijian Government. he was oppointed as Attorney General and Minister of Justic in Ratu Kamisese Mara ministry in April 1987. In 1998, he received Fiji's highest honour, the Companion of the Order of Fiji, in recognition of his services to his country.
As leader of the National Federation Party (NFP), he was Leader of the Official Opposition from 1977 to 1983, and again from 1992 to 1999.He went on to serve as President of the Fiji Court of Appeal. He held this post briefly in 2000, and again from 2002 to 2003. On 31 January 2003, the United Nations General Assembly elected him as a member of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, which is responsible for the prosecution of war crimes.
Jai Ram Reddy caste and Immigration certificate
Early life
The eldest of five children born to Pethi and Yenkatamma Reddy, Jai Ram Reddy was born at Lautoka Hospital on 12 May 1937. Jai Ram Reddy’s grandparents came from India as indentured labourers. They were of South Indian ancestry. His paternal grandfather, Bayanna, came aboard the Elbe III in 1903 from the Cuddapah district, then in the Madras Presidency but now in the province of Andhra Pradesh. He was a Kamma, descended from the warrior caste, the kshatriyas, as they are known in other parts of the Indian subcontinent. Jai Ram’s maternal grandfather, Iyyappa Reddy, also journeyed on the same ship bringing the first full consignment of indentured labourers from South India. He was from the district of North Arcot of the Reddi caste. From 1903 through to the final shipment of indentured labourers arriving in 1916, over 15,000 South Indians had gone there. North Arcot was, by far, the largest supplier of South Indian indentured labour, and Cuddapah among the smallest.
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Jai Ram Reddy's grandfather Bayanna
The Kammas and the Reddis (which means an ear ornament) were prominent and proud cultivators in Southern India, and many were village leaders in their communities as well.
Everyone remarks upon the toughness and resourcefulness of the Kammas and the Reddis and their readiness, even eagerness, to take on a fight if a cause has to be defended, or if family honour is at stake. ‘They are as a rule fine, well-built class of cultivators, very proud and exclusive,’ wrote Rev. J Cain of the Kammas in 1879. HA Stuart thought them ‘most industrious and intelligent cultivators,’ and they were ‘without peers.’10 Several well known proverbs in South India attest to the Kammas’ industry and independence. Kamma vani chetulu kattina nilavadu (though you tie a
Kamma’s hands, he will not remain quiet); Kamma vandlu cherite kadama jatula vellunu (if Kammas come in, other castes go out); Kamma variki bhumi bhayapadu tunnadi (the earth fears the Kammas). In old days, and even now, lines on the ground are readily drawn.
Education and Career
Educated initially at Sri Vivekananda High School in Nadi and then at DAV College in Suva, Reddy enrolled in the University Entrance class at Wellington Technical College, New Zealand, in April 1955, and was the only non-accredited student in the college to pass the examination that year. He went on to enroll in the Law faculty of Wellington's Victoria University in 1956, graduating in 1960, when he was admitted to the New Zealand bar. He was subsequently admitted to the bar in Fiji the following year. From 1961 to 1966 he was Staff Solicitor and Associate at the law firm of A. D. Patel & Co in Nadi, Fiji. From 1966 to 1968, he served as Crown Counsel and was Principal Legal Officer in the Attorney-General's Office from 1968 to 1970.
Political career
Reddy entered politics when he was appointed to the Senate, in 1972, by the then leader of the opposition,Sidiq Koya. In 1976 he was instrumental in bringing the two factions of the party together.
Reddy replaced Sidiq Koya as leader of the NFP in September 1977,following major internal strife which had resulted in the party's missing out on forming the government despite its narrow victory in the election of March 1977, and its subsequent crushing defeat in a second election held to resolve the political stalemate in September.Under his leadership, the NFP made substantial gains in the election of 1982, but fell short of ousting the longtime Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, and was subsequently deposed as party leader in favour of Koya in 1983. Reddy briefly served as Attorney-General and Minister for Justice in the Bavadra government, in April and May 1987. Following the military coups of 1987, however, he again took over the leadership of the NFP, and continued to lead the party throughout the 1990s. In the elections of 1992 and 1994, the NFP won a majority of the 27 seats in the House of Representatives then reserved for Indo-Fijians.
In the late 1990s, Reddy decided to negotiate with the Prime Minister, General Sitiveni Rabuka, on amending the 1990 constitution, which was widely perceived as racist and was compared by many to South Africa's apartheid regime, as it guaranteed the political supremacy of ethnic Fijians. As a result of these negotiations, assisted by Sir Paul Reeves, a former Governor General of New Zealand, a new constitution emerged, which removed all discriminatory provisions against Indo-Fijians (except the mainly honorary office of President, which remained reserved for a Fijian hereditary Chief). This was considered Reddy's crowning achievement. His glory was short-lived, however. In the ensuing election of 1999, he entered into an electoral pact with his former enemy, Rabuka, an alliance which proved to be his undoing. Many Indo-Fijians had not forgiven Rabuka for carrying out the coups of 1987 and for his role in the subsequent adoption of the 1990 constitution, and the NFP lost all of its seats. Reddy's parliamentary career of some twenty years had come to an end.
Reddy married Anne, a geology professor's daughter in 1962. They had a son, Sanjay, and a daughter, Helen. After separating from Anne in 1970, Reddy remarried in 1972 to Chandra Wati Singh, a Hansard reporter in the Legislative Council of Fiji. They had a daughter, Sandhya, and a son, Prashant.
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